Types of Tooth Pain and Their Causes

TOOTH PAIN IS your body’s way of signaling that something isn’t right. Whether it’s a dull ache or a sharp jolt, each type of tooth pain can point to a different issue. Understanding what your symptoms might mean is the first step toward getting the right treatment. As endodontists, we specialize in diagnosing and treating pain that originates from inside the tooth. Here’s a guide to the most common types of tooth pain and what could be causing them.

1. Sharp, Sudden Pain

If you experience a sharp, stabbing pain when you bite down or chew, it may indicate a cracked tooth or a loose filling. Cracks can be difficult to see but may extend into the tooth’s pulp, where nerves are located. If the pain is consistent and triggered by chewing, temperature changes, or even sweet foods, it’s important to see a dental professional promptly. Possible causes:

• Cracked tooth
• Loose or broken filling
• Tooth fracture involving the pulp

2. Throbbing or Pulsing Pain

Throbbing pain that feels like a steady pulse in your tooth or jaw often signals an infection. This type of pain may come with swelling, a bad taste in the mouth, or even a fever. An infected tooth typically results from untreated decay or trauma that allows bacteria to reach the pulp. In many cases, root canal treatment is to remove the infection and save the tooth. Possible causes:

• Dental abscess
• Advanced tooth decay
• Pulp infection

3. Dull, Lingering Ache

A dull ache that sticks around may not be as urgent as sharp pain, but it can still indicate a serious problem. This type of pain can be caused by teeth grinding (bruxism), which puts constant pressure on the teeth and surrounding structures. It may also result from sinus pressure that mimics tooth pain, especially in the upper molars. Possible causes:

• Bruxism (teeth grinding or clenching)
• Sinus infection
• Gum disease
• Early-stage pulp inflammation

4. Sensitivity to Hot or Cold

If you feel a quick, sharp pain when eating or drinking something hot or cold, your tooth may be sensitive. Occasional sensitivity is common and may not be serious. However, if the discomfort lingers for more than a few seconds, it could be a sign of a deeper problem, such as exposed dentin or pulp inflammation. Possible causes:

• Enamel erosion
• Gum recession
• Exposed tooth root
• Early pulpitis

5. Pain When Tapping or Touching the Tooth

Pain caused by light pressure or tapping on a tooth may indicate inflammation or infection in the periodontal ligament, which connects the tooth to the bone. This type of pain often appears after trauma or in the presence of an infection that has spread beyond the tooth. Possible causes:

• Pulpal inflammation
• Dental abscess
• Root fracture

When to See an Endodontist

Tooth pain should never be ignored, especially if it is persistent or worsening. Endodontists specialize in diagnosing tooth pain and performing treatments like root canals to relieve discomfort and save natural teeth. If you are experiencing any of the types of pain described above, a prompt evaluation can help prevent the issue from becoming more serious. To protect your oral health, listen to what your pain is telling you and seek professional care.

The sooner you act, the better the outcome for your smile.

The content on this blog is not intended to be a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the advice of qualified health providers with questions you may have regarding medical conditions.